By ꓬꓲ ꓢꓯꓼ ꓠ ꓠ, ꓢꓲ ꓢꓳ ꓣꓴ=
………………………………………..
C. Present Perfect Tense ‐ ꓮ ꓟꓶ ꓬꓰ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡˍꓟ
ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓠꓬꓲ C. Present Perfect Tense – ꓮ ꓟꓶ ꓬꓰ ꓒꓬꓱꓼ ꓡˍꓟ ꓕꓱ ꓟ ꓔꓯ ꓥ ꓟꓲ ꓬꓲ ꓐꓱꓻ ꓤ ꓤ, 4 ꓐꓱꓻ ꓐꓱ DU JOˍꓡꓳ=
ꓖꓳ ꓡꓱ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓡꓳ. ꓠꓬꓲ ꓡꓯ=
i. Positive Sentence – ꓥ ꓘꓶꓽ
ii. Negative Sentence – ꓟꓽ ꓥ ꓘꓶꓽ
iii. Interrogative Sentence – ꓠ, ꓠꓬꓲ ꓘꓶꓽ ꓫ. ꓪ
iv. Negative + Interrogative Sentence – ꓟꓽ ꓥ ꓘꓶꓽ ꓐꓰ ꓠ, ꓠꓬꓲ ꓘꓶꓽ
i. Positive Sentence – ꓥ ꓘꓶꓽ
Rule: Subject + has/have/+ V3 + Objective.
ꓔꓯꓺ ꓥꓳꓽ꓾
- I have gone to school –
- ꓥꓪ ꓢꓳ ꓦꓲꓻ ꓗꓪ ꓙꓰ ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- I have waited for you –
- ꓠꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓥꓪ ꓡꓳ. ꓠꓬ, ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- I have spoken –
- ꓥꓪ ꓡꓰ ꓫ. ꓕꓱ ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- They have loved you –
- ꓠꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓬꓲ ꓪ ꓠꓲ, ꓠꓵ ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- We have worked here –
- ꓕꓱ ꓗꓪ ꓥꓪ ꓠꓴꓽ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- He has loved me –
- ꓥꓪ ꓔꓯ ꓬꓲ ꓠꓲ, ꓠꓵꓻ ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- She has cooked food-
- ꓬꓲ ꓜꓻ C. ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- You have taught me-
- ꓥꓪ ꓔꓯ ꓠꓴ ꓟ. ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- They have gone to hospital-
- ꓬꓲ ꓪ ꓠꓯ ꓞꓲꓼ ꓦꓲꓻ ꓗꓪ ꓙꓰ ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- They have learned/learnt –
- ꓬꓲ ꓪ ꓢꓳ ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
ii. Negative Sentence – ꓟꓽ ꓥ ꓘꓶꓽ
Rule: Subject + has/have + not + V3 + Objective.
ꓔꓯꓺ ꓥꓳꓽ꓾
- I have not gone to school –
- ꓥꓪ ꓢꓳ ꓦꓲꓻ ꓗꓪ ꓟꓽ ꓙꓰ ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- I have not waited for you –
- ꓠꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓥꓪ ꓟꓽ ꓡꓳ. ꓠꓬ, ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- I have not spoken –
- ꓥꓪ ꓡꓰ ꓟꓽ ꓫ. ꓕꓱ ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- They have not loved you –
- ꓠꓴ ꓔꓯ ꓬꓲ ꓪ ꓟꓽ ꓠꓲ, ꓠꓵ ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- We have not worked here –
- ꓕꓱ ꓗꓪ ꓥꓪ ꓠꓴꓽ ꓟꓬꓱꓽ ꓟꓽ ꓬꓰ ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- He has not loved me –
- ꓥꓪ ꓔꓯ ꓬꓲ ꓟꓽ ꓠꓲ, ꓠꓵꓻ ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- She has not cooked food-
- ꓬꓲ ꓜꓻ ꓟꓽ C. ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- You have not taught me-
- ꓥꓪ ꓔꓯ ꓠꓴ ꓟꓽ ꓟ. ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- They have not gone to hospital-
- ꓬꓲ ꓪ ꓠꓯ ꓞꓲꓼ ꓦꓲꓻ ꓗꓪ ꓟꓽ ꓙꓰ ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
- They have not learned/learnt –
- ꓬꓲ ꓪ ꓟꓽ ꓢꓳ ꓔˍꓡꓳ=
ꓟꓬꓽ ꓠꓬꓲ ꓢꓳ ꓝ. ꓠ, ꓟ ꓠꓬ Menu ꓗꓪ ꓥꓰ. ꓢꓲ Grammar ꓐꓳ ꓔˍꓟ ꓗꓪ ꓥꓰ. ꓢꓲ ꓢꓳ ꓝ. ꓪ ꓝꓲ=
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